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Unit 2Working the land（1） 焦点词汇1. struggle vi & n 斗争；拼搏；努力1） struggle against sth 同..做斗争A strong man will struggle against the storm of fate .一个坚强的人会同运气的风暴做斗争。2） struggle for sth为...奋斗The young man is struggling for his future .这个年轻人在为自己的未来拼搏。3） struggle to do sth 挣扎/努力做某事We must struggle to protect our environment .我们必须努力掩护我们的情况。
4）struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来The injured man stuggled to his feet to fight against the robber.谁人受伤的人挣扎着站起来和歹徒屠杀。2 .disturbing adj 引起烦恼的；令人不安的 disturbed adjdisturb vt打扰，故障；使不安1） disturbing news令人烦恼的消息It is disturbing that ..令人不安It is disturbing that we haven't heard from him so long.这么长时间没收到他的来信真令人不安。2）disturbed adj 心烦一乱的；心神不安的Sb :be disturbed about sth 因...感应不安She is disturbed about her son's safety.她为儿子的康健感应不安。
3）disturb vt打扰，故障；使不安Don't disturb!请勿打扰！Don't disturb the peace! 不要扰乱治安2. be satisfied with 对...感应满足3. One shouldn't be satisfied /content with only a little success .一小我私家不应该只因一点小成就而感应满足。1）be satisfied to do sthHe was satisfied to win the race.她对赢得赛跑感应满足。
2） satisfied adj 感应满足的；满足的satisfying adj 令人满足的；使人满足的a satisfied smile 满足的笑容a satisfying answer令人满足的回覆3） satisfy vt 使满足；使满足satisfy one's needs满足某人的需求We will try our best to satisfy his needs .我们会努力满足他的需求。4） satisfactory n 满足to one's satisfactory 令某人满足的是with satisfactory满足地To his satisfactory ,the problem was well dealt with .令某人满足的是,问题获得了很好的处置惩罚。4. would rather 宁肯；宁愿1）would rather (not) do sth宁愿（不）做...He would rather keep time for his hobbies.他宁愿把时间花在自己的喜好上。
2）would rather do sth than do sth=would do sth rather than do sth宁愿做.. 也不愿做..I would rather walk than take a bus .=I would walk rather than take a bus .他宁愿走路，也不愿乘公共汽车。4） prefer to do sth rather than do sth 比起...更愿意做...I prefer to walk rather than take the bus .比起搭车我更愿意步行。5） would rather sb did（从句表现与现在或未来相反的情况）would rather sb had done sth （表现与已往相反的情况）I would rather that you come tomorrow .我宁愿你明天来。
（未来相反的情况）I would rather that you had finished your work yesterday .（已往相反的情况）我宁愿你昨天完成你的事情。5 equip vt &vi equipped, equipped equipping配备;装备1） equip sb/sth with sth 用..装备/配备be fully /poorly equipped装备齐全/简陋All bedrooms are equipped with a color TV.所有卧室都配有一台彩电。
All bedrooms are fully equipped. 所有卧室都装备齐全。2） equip sb/sth for sth为...装备..He is equipped for the future.他为未来做好了装备。3） equipment n 设备（不行数）Some new equipment has been bought in by our school.我们学校已引进一些新设备。6 .confuse vt 使疑惑；使为难1）confuse A with B :mix up把A与B 混淆People often confuse me with my twin sister .2）confused adj 指（人）感应困惑的;sb :be confused about 对..感应困惑a confused look困惑的心情sth :confusing adj 指（事物）令人困惑的a confusing answer令人困惑的谜底The instructions are so confusing that I am completely confused.用法说明太令人费解 了，我完全糊涂了。
3）confusion n 不清楚；不确定（不行数）There was some confusion as to whether we had won or lost .不清楚我们究竟是赢了还是输了。7. regret ，regretted , regretted, regrettingvt 遗憾;惋惜; n 遗憾;懊恼1） regret to say /tell 遗憾地说/告诉I regret to tell you that you are fired .我很遗憾地告诉你你被开除了。2）regret doing sth/regret having done sth 忏悔做过某事I regret not following your advice.我忏悔没有听从你的就建议。
3）regret that 从句；忏悔..I regretted that I hadn't followed your advice.我忏悔没有听从你的就建议。4）much/ greatly to one's regret =to one's great regret 令某人遗憾/忏悔的是Much to my regret , I didn't make full use of the time .令我很是忏悔的是，我没有充实使用那段时间。
5）with regret 遗憾地=regretfullyHe shook his head with regret/regretfully.他遗憾地摇了摇头。8. comment n 评论vi&vt 表达意见；作出评论1）make comments on sth 对...作出评论She made helpful comments on my work .他对我的事情提出有益的评论。2）no comment 无可告知3）vi&vt comment on sth作出评论I can't comment on their decision .我无法对他的决议作出评论。
（二）拓展词汇1. sunburn n 晒黑；晒伤sunburnt adj晒黑的2. hunger n 饥饿；欲望 vt &vi（使）饥饿hungry adj 饥饿的3 .disturbing adj 引起烦恼的；令人不安的disturbed adj 感应不安的disturb vt打扰，故障；使不安4.expand vt&vi 使变大；伸展expansion n 扩大，扩张；膨胀expandable adj 可扩张的5. circulate vt&vi 循环；流传circulation n 血液循环；消息的流传6. freedom n自由；自主free adj 自由的；免费的freely adv 自由地；随意地7.equip vt&vi 配备；装备equipment n 设备8 .export vt&vi 输出；出口import vt 输入；入口9.nationality n 国籍nation n 国家；民族10. personality n性格；个性；人格personal adj 小我私家的；死人的person n 小我私家11. confuse vt使疑惑；使为难confusing adj 令人疑惑的confused adj 感应疑惑的confusion n 困惑;混淆12. regret vt 遗憾；惋惜n遗憾；后悔regretful adj 遗憾的；后悔的regretfully adv 遗憾地13. chemical adj 化学的；关于化学的n化学物质chemistry n 化学chemist n 化学家；药剂师14 . production n 生产；制造produce vt 生产；制造product n 产物；产物productive adj 多产的producer n 生产者；制片人15.bacteria n 细菌bacterium n （复数）细菌16 .nutrition n 营养；滋养；食物nutritious adj 营养富厚的nutrient n 营养物17 .mineral n 矿物；矿石mine n矿井；矿miner n矿工18 .discovery n 发现；觉察discover vt 发现；觉察discoverer n 发现者19. industrial adj 工业的；工业的industry n 工业（三）必背短语1. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为类似词组：because of /due to/owing to2 .rid ...of 使...挣脱/除去get rid of 挣脱/除去free ..of使...挣脱break away from脱离，挣脱3 .be satisfied with 对...感应满足be content with对...感应满足4 .would rather 宁愿；宁肯5 .build up逐渐增强；建设；开发6 .lead to 导致；造成7.focus on 集中（注意力、精神）于8 .be rich in 富含...的9 .keep ...free from/of使...免受（影响，伤害）；使...不含（有害物）Unit2 A Pioneer For All People（reading）（1） 必背漂亮句1. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers,for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.简直，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯，就像其他千百万中国农民一样，已往五十年来，他一直在努力资助他们。1） those 取代主语his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body。不定代词those ,替代the +复数名词（尤其是有后置定语时）The books on the desk are better than those (=the books) under the desk .书桌上的那些书比书桌下的那些好。
2）for whom he has struggled for the past five decades是由"介词+whom"引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese farmers。=whom he has struggled for for the past five decades.eg I won't forget Miss Yang with whom I worked for three years=I won't forget Miss Yang whom I worked with for three years2.Yuan Longping grows what is called supper hybrid rice.袁隆平种植的是被成为"超级杂交水稻"的种子。
what is called supper hybrid rice是由what 引导的做grow的宾语从句。eg Police have found what appears to be lost ancient statue.警员已经找到了似乎丢失了的古代雕像。3 .In 1973,he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output .1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
1）that has a high output 是由that 引导 的定语从句，修饰先行词rice。2） to grow rice是不定式短语作定语，修饰名词 the first agricultural pioneer。当名词被序数词或the only ,the next ,the last ,the right 修饰，且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时，用不定式主动形式作定语。
He was the only one to survive the plane crash.他是这次空难中唯一的幸存者。He was the right person to do the job.他是做这份事情的合适人选。4 .This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量。"make it +adj/n+to do"本句型中it是形式宾语，取代后面的不定式结构，形容词或名词为宾语补足语。
有时动词不定式结构可换位that 引导的宾语从句。eg The fine weather makes it possible for us to go for an outing next week .晴天气使我们的下周出游成为可能。You had better make it a ruler to practise speaking Mandarin every day .你最好定下规则，天天都训练说普通话。5 .Now more than 60%of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.如今中国每年生产的稻米有60%以上出自这种杂交稻种。
1）"分数、百分数of+名词"作主语时，谓语动词与of 后的名词的单复数而定。More than 60%of the students in the school are from the countryside .这个学校60%多的学生来自乡下。
2）produced in China each year是已往分词短语，在句中定语，修饰the rice. 相当于定语从句：which/that is produced in China each year.eg Things lost never come again.= Things that is lost never come again.丢失的的工具再也回不来。6 .Born in 1930, Yuan Longping graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.袁隆平出生在1930年，1953年结业于西南农业学院。7.Since then ,finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal .从那时起，找到水稻高产的方法就成为他一生的目的。
1） to grow more rice 是不定式短语作定语，修饰主语finding ways。有些名词常用不定式作定语说明其内容，它们是：chance ,opportunity ,way 等，不定式可以换成of doing。
Thank you for giving me a chance to make the speech .谢谢你给我讲话的时机。2） 常与现在完成时连用时间状语：since then ,up to now ,so far ,in the past (last) few days / years, lately, recently 等。eg In the past few years ,great changes have taken place in my hometown.在已往的几年里，我的家乡发生了庞大的变化。
8.In a recent harvest ,however , nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced .而近年来却生产了快要两亿吨稻谷。1） nearly two hundred million tons of rice 是句子主语，表现重量，被看作整体，谓语动词用单数was produced .2）表现时间、款项、距离、重量等名词的复数作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数。Sixty years is a long time .（Sixty years看作整体）9.Using his hybrid rice,farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before .用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食是以前的两倍。
(1) Using his hybrid rice是ving 短语作方式状语。eg Make sentences using the following words .用下面的词造句。(2)twice as large as两倍大。
倍数句型：表现倍数句式：1）倍数+as +形容词/副词原级+as..2）倍数+形容词/副词比力级+than3）倍数+the+size/ weight /length..+of...4）倍数+what 从句eg 1）The room is three times as big as that one.The room is three times bigger than that one.The room is three times the size of that one.这个房间是谁人房间的三倍大。2）The production of our factory is five times what it was five years ago.我们工厂的产量是五年前的五倍。10 .Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.在自己身上花钱或者享受舒适的生活对袁隆平来说意义也不大。
Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also 是ving 短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。eg Just dreaming for things costs nothing .梦想是不花资本的。Since then ,finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal .从那时起，找到水稻高产的方法就成为 他一生的目的。
（二）必背短语Para11. one of China's most famous scientists 中国最著名的科学家之一2. consider oneself a farmer认为自己是个农民3 .work the land=grow crops on the land 在田间耕作work a big farm 谋划一家大农场4 .do one's/some research 举行研究5 .be like 像..6 .for/in the past five decades已往的五十年7 .the fist agricultural in the world to grow rice 世界上第一位种植水稻的农业先锋8 .make it possible to do sth 使做某事成为可能Para21. graduate from 结业于2. since then 自从那时3. as a young man 作为年轻人4. a disturbing problem 令人困扰的问题5. search for a way to increase rice harvest寻找增收稻谷的途径6. fifty-six million tons of rice 五千六百万吨稻谷Two hundred million tons of rice两亿吨稻谷7. circulate one's knowledge 流传知识8. many other less developed countries 许多不太蓬勃的国家9. thanks to 由于；多亏了10. The UN（the United Nations）团结国WHO(the World Health Organization)世界卫组织11. the battle to rid the world of hunger消除世界饥饿的战斗12.twice as large as 两倍大Para31. be satisfied with 对...满足/足2. care about being famous在意成名3. would rather do sth宁愿做某事4. keep time fo hobbies把时间花在业余喜好上5. enjoy listening to violin music喜欢听小提琴乐曲6. spend money on oneself在自己身上花钱7. lead a comfortable life 过舒适的生活8. a person with too much money 一个很是有钱的人9. rather than 而不是10. equip others for their researchPara41. have a dream about做了一个..的梦2. as tall as sorghum像高粱一样高3. as big as an ear of corn像玉米穗一样大4. awake from his dream从梦中醒来5. with the hope of 抱着.. 的希望6. Love and care for people 热爱和体贴人民Unit2 Chemical Or Organic Farming（using language）（1） 必背漂亮句：1. Over the past half century , using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming .在已往的半个世纪里，在耕作中使用化肥已经很是普遍。using chemical fertilizers是ving 作主语，Over the past half century 是现在完成时标志性的状语，谓语动词用单数has become。2 .Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long--term use of other fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous ,to people's health .然而，最近科学家发现恒久使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的康健造成危害。
1） have been finding是现在完成举行时，其组成"have/has +been +doing "。2） 现在完成举行时：表现行动发生在已往，连续到现在且现在还在举行。eg He has been learning English for 6 years.他学英语已经6年了（强调到现在还在学）Tom has been working in the library every night over the last three months.近三个月天天晚上汤姆都在图书馆事情。
（强调现在还在图书馆事情）3. This affects crops and ,therefore ,animals and humans ,since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off .这影响到庄家，从而也会影响到动物和人，因为化学物质会进入到农作物内里，而不能被冲洗掉。1）since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off,是由since 引导的原因状语从句。2）引导的原因状语从句的连词：because （因为）；as （由于）；since/now that（既然）。I was absent from the meeting because I was ill .因为我病了，所以没到场集会。
As it is raining ,we can't go to the park .由于在下雨，我们不能去公园了。Since /Now that everybody is here ,let's begin our class.既然大家都在这里，我们开始上课吧。
4. These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time .随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学身分会在人体中聚集。1）over time 随着时间的推移Over time English has changed .随着时间的推移,英语发生了变化。2）build up 逐渐增强；建设；开发Taking exercise can help us build up our body and keep a clear mind .磨炼可以增强我们的体质，保持头脑清醒。5. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illness .许多化学身分能导致癌症或其他疾病。
1）lead to导致；造成His carelessness led to he accident .他的粗心造成了这次事故。2) 含介词to的短语：be used to/ be accustomed to习惯于be opposed to /object to阻挡 ;be devoted to /devote ..to 献身于;get down to着手 ;pay attention to 注意;turn to（doing）sth转向某物;6.Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。
.using any chemicals是ving作介词without 的宾语。eg They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.农民体贴的是保持土壤肥沃而且免受病害。7 .This also keeps the air ,soil ,water and crops free from chemicals.同时还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。
keep...free of /from:protect...from 使 ...免受（影响；伤害）eg Eating well and good exercise keep you free from/of cold .康健饮食和磨炼使你远离伤风。8 .They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years .在同一块地里，他们经常每隔几年就换种农作物。1） every few years 每隔几年。2） every与数词、 few、other 连用，意为"每（隔）.."every three days /every third day 每三天every other day /line 隔天/行eg Write on every other line. 隔行写。
（二）必背短语Para11 .over/in the past/last half century 在已往的半个世纪里2.chemical fertilizers化肥3 .a great way to stop crop disease 防止农作物病虫害的很好的方法4 .long term use of 恒久使用...5 .do damage to 对...造成损失Para21. as well as 也；和2. wash sth away 冲掉..3 .build up 逐渐增强；建设；开发4 .over time 随着时间的推移5 .lead to 导致；造成6 .in addition（to sth）另外；再者7 .be full of 充满Para31. turn to（doing）sth转向某物turn to sb（for help） 求助于某人2. focus (one's attention)on (doing)sth集中（注意力、精神）于3. keep sth free from/ of 使...免受（影响、伤害）；使...不含（有害物质）4. grow strong and healthy茁壮发展5. be rich in minerals富含矿物质Para41. keep the soil fertile保持土壤肥沃2. every few years每隔几年3 .prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil阻止水土流失4 .avoid doing 制止做某事Unit2知识点背诵练案。1 页 共 5 页。
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